{"id":6571,"date":"2026-11-01T21:59:17","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:29:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/azco.az\/?p=6571"},"modified":"2026-11-01T21:59:17","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:29:17","slug":"tikinti-menecmenti-proqramlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/tikinti-menecmenti-proqramlari\/","title":{"rendered":"Tikinti Menecmenti Proqramlar\u0131: Excel-d\u0259n K\u0259nara \u00c7\u0131xan Praktik Al\u0259tl\u0259r"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tikinti menecmenti proqramlar\u0131 tikinti sah\u0259sin\u0259, texniki \u015f\u00f6b\u0259y\u0259, podrat\u00e7\u0131lara v\u0259 sifari\u015f\u00e7iy\u0259 n\u0259 ba\u015f verdiyini, hans\u0131 q\u0259rar\u0131n q\u0259bul edildiyini v\u0259 n\u00f6vb\u0259ti add\u0131ma kimin cavabdeh oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n vahid v\u0259 etibarl\u0131 qeyd t\u0259qdim edir. Bu b\u0259l\u0259d\u00e7id\u0259 h\u0259min al\u0259tl\u0259rin hans\u0131 prosesl\u0259ri d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259li oldu\u011funu, hans\u0131 platformalar\u0131n hans\u0131 i\u015f\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259ldiyini v\u0259 layih\u0259niz \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn do\u011fru se\u00e7imi nec\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yinizi izah edirik.<\/p>\n

Excel C\u0259dv\u0259ll\u0259ri Tikinti Sah\u0259sind\u0259 Niy\u0259 Kifay\u0259t Etmir?<\/h2>\n

Birinci d\u0259f\u0259 o zaman ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fck ki, r\u0259ngb\u0259r\u0259ng Excel fayllar\u0131 tikinti meydan\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259rt reall\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 art\u0131q bacara bilmir; bu, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n n\u0259h\u0259ng tarixi binan\u0131n tam b\u0259rpas\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 bir tikinti layih\u0259si zaman\u0131 ba\u015f verdi. \u00c7\u0259tin tikinti v\u0259 qura\u015fd\u0131rma sektorunda eyni vaxtda m\u00fcxt\u0259lif i\u015f c\u0259bh\u0259l\u0259rini idar\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tin s\u0131naqd\u0131r; h\u0259min layih\u0259d\u0259 bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n m\u00f6vcud fasad\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si qorunmal\u0131, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 \u0259sas tikinti podrat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi alt\u0131nda bir ne\u00e7\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif komanda eyni vaxtda s\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc, konstruksiya v\u0259 mexaniki sisteml\u0259rin qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olurdu. Mesajlar ard-arda g\u0259lir, \u015f\u0259kill\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif qruplarda yay\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 meydan\u00e7adak\u0131 h\u0259r bir podrat\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6z telefonunda v\u0259 ya noutbukunda c\u0259dv\u0259l fayl\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131 versiyas\u0131n\u0131 saxlay\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bir g\u00fcn sifari\u015f\u00e7i x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131q etm\u0259d\u0259n tikinti sah\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259ldi v\u0259 soru\u015fdu ki, d\u00f6\u015f\u0259m\u0259alt\u0131 borular\u0131n s\u0131na\u011f\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 t\u0259sdiq olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halda d\u00f6\u015f\u0259m\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131b. Sad\u0259 sual idi, lakin bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ayd\u0131n v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f cavab\u0131m\u0131z yox idi. Sah\u0259 r\u0259isi bildirirdi ki, m\u00fch\u0259ndislik sisteml\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 podrat\u00e7\u0131 i\u015fin haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu deyib; h\u0259min podrat\u00e7\u0131 n\u0259zar\u0259t\u00e7inin t\u0259sdiqini g\u00f6zl\u0259diyini iddia edirdi; n\u0259zar\u0259t\u00e7i is\u0259 qrup \u00e7at\u0131nda y\u00fczl\u0259rc\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259lik mesaj\u0131n aras\u0131nda itib-batm\u0131\u015f bir \u015f\u0259kil g\u00f6nd\u0259rmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

\u0130st\u0259nil\u0259n m\u00fcasir layih\u0259d\u0259 sah\u0259d\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259rin s\u00fcr\u0259ti fayllar\u0131n \u0259ll\u0259 yenil\u0259nm\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tini \u00fcst\u0259l\u0259yir. El\u0259 h\u0259min an ayd\u0131n oldu ki, tikinti v\u0259 qura\u015fd\u0131rma sah\u0259sind\u0259 s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li idar\u0259etm\u0259 c\u0259dv\u0259ld\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 r\u0259q\u0259m qeyd etm\u0259k v\u0259 ya bir ne\u00e7\u0259 s\u0259p\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015f \u015f\u0259kil g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259k dem\u0259k deyil. \u018fsas m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 tikinti sah\u0259si, texniki \u015f\u00f6b\u0259, sifari\u015f\u00e7i v\u0259 ist\u0259nil\u0259n iri v\u0259 ya ki\u00e7ik tikinti podrat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00fcmumi dil yaratmaqd\u0131r. Proqram t\u0259minat\u0131 insan t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sini v\u0259 m\u00fchakim\u0259sini \u0259v\u0259z etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn deyil; onun m\u0259qs\u0259di vacib m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n g\u00fcnd\u0259lik i\u015fl\u0259rin qarmaqar\u0131\u015f\u0131ql\u0131\u011f\u0131nda itib getm\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"B\u0259rpa<\/p>\n

G\u00fcnd\u0259lik Sah\u0259 Hesabat\u0131<\/h2>\n

Tikinti sah\u0259si ka\u011f\u0131z \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki c\u0259dv\u0259lin tikinti \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n\u0131n fiziki reall\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 toqqu\u015fdu\u011fu yerdir. T\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015f layih\u0259 c\u0259dv\u0259lind\u0259 yaz\u0131la bil\u0259r: \u201c\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259nin boru k\u0259m\u0259rinin qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7\u0259r\u015f\u0259nb\u0259 ax\u015fam\u0131\u201d<\/em>. Lakin \u00e7\u0259r\u015f\u0259nb\u0259 ax\u015fam\u0131 s\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259lum olur ki, borunun ke\u00e7id yolu konstruktiv tir il\u0259 k\u0259si\u015fir, elektrik komandas\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 x\u0259tti bo\u015faltmay\u0131b v\u0259 podrat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259b olunan materiallar\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259yib. \u018fg\u0259r bu yenilikl\u0259r ax\u015fama q\u0259d\u0259r texniki \u015f\u00f6b\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7atmasa, b\u00fct\u00fcn layih\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u00f6vb\u0259ti g\u00fcn veril\u0259c\u0259k q\u0259rar q\u00fcsurlu m\u0259lumatlar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulacaq.<\/p>\n

\u018fn\u0259n\u0259vi tikinti v\u0259 qura\u015fd\u0131rma \u00fcsulunda sah\u0259 r\u0259isi ka\u011f\u0131z forma doldurur v\u0259 ya mesajla\u015fma proqram\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u015f\u0259kil g\u00f6nd\u0259rir. Texniki \u015f\u00f6b\u0259 t\u0259xmin etm\u0259li olur ki, h\u0259r bir \u015f\u0259kil hans\u0131 podrat\u00e7\u0131ya, hans\u0131 m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 hans\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 aiddir. Tarixl\u0259rd\u0259ki v\u0259 ya t\u0259sdiq statusundak\u0131 qeyri-m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nlikl\u0259r sonradan sifari\u015f\u00e7i il\u0259 podrat\u00e7\u0131 aras\u0131nda maliyy\u0259 iddialar\u0131 (Claim) v\u0259 c\u0259dv\u0259l gecikm\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259r yarananda ciddi b\u00f6hranlara s\u0259b\u0259b olur.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcasir tikinti menecmentind\u0259 sah\u0259 hesabat\u0131 al\u0259tl\u0259ri bu dilemman\u0131 h\u0259ll etmi\u015fdir. R\u0259isl\u0259r v\u0259 ya ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 tikinti podrat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcnd\u0259lik t\u0259f\u0259rr\u00fcatlar\u0131 birba\u015fa qeyd edirl\u0259r: i\u015f\u00e7i hey\u0259tinin say\u0131, fiziki ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015f, avadanl\u0131qlar\u0131n dayanmas\u0131 v\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131dak\u0131 mane\u0259l\u0259r. Bu sisteml\u0259rin d\u0259y\u0259ri t\u0259kc\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259td\u0259 deyil; \u015f\u0259ffaf s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 h\u0259m sifari\u015f\u00e7ini, h\u0259m d\u0259 tikinti podrat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 qoruyur, \u0259m\u0259liyyat qeydl\u0259rinin tikinti layih\u0259sinin h\u0259yat d\u00f6vr\u00fc boyu t\u0259hrif olunmadan qalmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min edir.<\/p>\n

Q\u00fcsur Siyah\u0131lar\u0131 (Punch Lists) v\u0259 T\u0259hvil-T\u0259slim<\/h2>\n

Bir layih\u0259nin son g\u00fcnl\u0259rind\u0259 ad\u0259t\u0259n h\u0259r k\u0259s “t\u0259hvil-t\u0259slim”d\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r; lakin t\u0259hvil-t\u0259slim \u00f6zl\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259 he\u00e7 d\u0259 sad\u0259 an deyil. \u018fks\u0259r sah\u0259l\u0259r haz\u0131ra b\u0259nz\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259r, lakin h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 ki\u00e7ik q\u00fcsurlar qal\u0131r: \u015fkaf\u0131n qap\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczg\u00fcn ba\u011flanm\u0131r, p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259nin birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 yeri d\u00fcz\u0259li\u015f t\u0259l\u0259b edir, i\u015f\u0131q a\u00e7ar\u0131 t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015f layih\u0259 il\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259lmir v\u0259 ya t\u0259z\u0259 r\u0259ngl\u0259nmi\u015f s\u0259thd\u0259 z\u0259d\u0259 izi qal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu hallar s\u0259p\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015f qeyd d\u0259ft\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 yaz\u0131ld\u0131qda, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif podrat\u00e7\u0131lara \u015fifahi bildirildikd\u0259 v\u0259 \u015f\u0259kill\u0259ri bir ne\u00e7\u0259 qrupda qald\u0131qda, tan\u0131\u015f suallar tezlikl\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r: \u201cBu biz\u0259 deyilmi\u015fdi?\u201d<\/em>, \u201cHans\u0131 \u015f\u0259kil bizim b\u00f6lm\u0259y\u0259 aiddir?\u201d<\/em>, \u201cD\u00fcz\u0259li\u015f edilib, yoxsa sad\u0259c\u0259 bildirilib?\u201d<\/em> v\u0259 \u201cKims\u0259 yenid\u0259n bax\u0131\u015f ke\u00e7irm\u0259lidirmi?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Q\u00fcsurlar\u0131n idar\u0259 edilm\u0259si v\u0259 ya punch-list proqram t\u0259minat\u0131 h\u0259r bir elementi izl\u0259nil\u0259 bil\u0259n tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u011fa \u00e7evirir. Q\u00fcsur birba\u015fa \u00e7ertyoj v\u0259 ya fiziki m\u0259kan \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qeyd olunur, \u015f\u0259kill\u0259r v\u0259 t\u0259svirl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirilir, m\u0259sul \u015f\u0259xs v\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259nil\u0259n icra m\u00fcdd\u0259ti t\u0259yin edilir; bununla da onun statusu \u201cQeydiyyata al\u0131nd\u0131\u201d v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259n \u201c\u0130cradad\u0131r\u201d v\u0259 n\u0259hay\u0259t \u201cN\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irildi\u201d statusuna d\u0259yi\u015fir. \u018fn \u0259sas\u0131 odur ki, h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir b\u0259ndin ba\u011flanmas\u0131 yaln\u0131z podrat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z b\u0259yan\u0131na \u0259saslana bilm\u0259z; keyfiyy\u0259t\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t v\u0259 ya t\u0259hvil-t\u0259slim m\u0259sul \u015f\u0259xsi d\u00fcz\u0259li\u015fi vizual olaraq yoxlamal\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259sdiq etm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

Tikinti S\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rinin \u0130dar\u0259 Edilm\u0259si<\/h2>\n

Tikinti v\u0259 qura\u015fd\u0131rma layih\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 texniki \u015f\u00f6b\u0259nin rolu \u00e7ertyoj oxumaqdan \u00e7ox k\u0259nara \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Bir g\u00fcn \u0259rzind\u0259 texniki sor\u011fuya (RFI) cavab g\u0259l\u0259 bil\u0259r, d\u00fcz\u0259li\u015f edilmi\u015f \u00e7ertyoj veril\u0259 bil\u0259r, iclas protokolu izl\u0259m\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259 bil\u0259r v\u0259 subpodrat\u00e7\u0131 icra detallar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 sual ver\u0259 bil\u0259r. \u018fg\u0259r bu m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n h\u0259r biri e-po\u00e7tlarda, mesajla\u015fma proqramlar\u0131nda, \u015f\u0259xsi qovluqlarda v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif fayllarda saxlan\u0131larsa, k\u00f6hn\u0259lmi\u015f versiyalarla i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k riski k\u0259skin \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 art\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 nadir hallarda f\u0259lak\u0259tli s\u0259hvl\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. B\u0259z\u0259n icra qrupu \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 yaln\u0131z ki\u00e7ik bir d\u00fcz\u0259li\u015f \u0259ks olunmam\u0131\u015f \u00e7ertyoju a\u00e7\u0131r. Lakin h\u0259min d\u0259qiq d\u00fcz\u0259li\u015f hava kanal\u0131n\u0131n ke\u00e7id yolunu, a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 ya asma tavan\u0131n h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc d\u0259yi\u015fdirmi\u015f ola bil\u0259r. \u0130\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fckd\u0259n sonra art\u0131q m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 sad\u0259c\u0259 d\u00fczg\u00fcn fayl\u0131 tapmaq deyil; g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f i\u015fin l\u0259\u011fvi v\u0259 yenid\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259sinin a\u011f\u0131r vaxt v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 x\u0259rcini q\u0259bul etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Vahid s\u0259n\u0259d idar\u0259etm\u0259 sistemi h\u0259r bir podrat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131z son t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015f \u00e7ertyoj versiyas\u0131na \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min edir. Versiya tarix\u00e7\u0259sinin izl\u0259nilm\u0259si ist\u0259nil\u0259n layih\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7ertyoj uy\u011funsuzlu\u011fu iddialar\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r v\u0259 tikintiy\u0259 xas h\u00fcquqi m\u0259suliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri azald\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rin \u0130dar\u0259 Edilm\u0259si<\/h2>\n

M\u00fch\u0259ndislik d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri ist\u0259nil\u0259n layih\u0259nin t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259sidir. Sifari\u015f\u00e7i n\u00fcmun\u0259y\u0259 baxd\u0131qdan sonra ist\u0259kl\u0259rini d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259 bil\u0259r, qaz\u0131nt\u0131 zaman\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259nilm\u0259z sah\u0259 \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xa bil\u0259r v\u0259 ya dizayn komandas\u0131 k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259ni h\u0259ll etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn detallar\u0131 yenid\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259r. D\u0259yi\u015fikliyin \u00f6z\u00fc problem deyil; problem d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r onlar\u0131n vaxta v\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259siri qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259mi\u015fd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l icra edildikd\u0259 yaran\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr edin ki, layih\u0259nin ortas\u0131nda divar \u00f6rt\u00fcy\u00fc material\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fqas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z edilm\u0259si q\u0259rara al\u0131n\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fd\u0259 bu, sad\u0259dir. Lakin yeni material\u0131n t\u0259minat m\u00fcdd\u0259ti f\u0259rqli ola bil\u0259r, f\u0259rqli alt-qurulu\u015f t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259 bil\u0259r v\u0259 ya podrat\u00e7\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n daha yava\u015f qura\u015fd\u0131rma \u00fcsullar\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. \u018fg\u0259r bu q\u0259rar \u015fifahi s\u00f6hb\u0259t olaraq qalarsa, h\u0259r bir t\u0259r\u0259f i\u015fin h\u0259cmi v\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259ti bar\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6z q\u0259r\u0259zli t\u0259fsirini qoruyub saxlayacaq.<\/p>\n

D\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rin qeydiyyat\u0131 n\u0259yin d\u0259yi\u015fdiyini, bunun n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131m oldu\u011funu, onu kimin t\u0259l\u0259b etdiyini, kimin t\u0259sdiq etdiyini v\u0259 onun x\u0259rc\u0259 v\u0259 tikinti c\u0259dv\u0259lin\u0259 t\u0259xmin edil\u0259n t\u0259sirini a\u00e7\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259lidir. Bu, g\u00fcnd\u0259lik s\u00f6hb\u0259tl\u0259ri b\u00fcrokratikl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn deyil; pul, vaxt, keyfiyy\u0259t v\u0259 ya i\u015f h\u0259cmin\u0259 t\u0259sir ed\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rin icradan \u0259vv\u0259l yoxlan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min edir.<\/p>\n

Layih\u0259nin C\u0259dv\u0259ll\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si v\u0259 Kritik Yol<\/h2>\n

\u018fg\u0259r baza c\u0259dv\u0259li tikinti \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131nda real vaxt rejimind\u0259 sah\u0259nin ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015fi il\u0259 kalibrl\u0259nm\u0259zs\u0259, o, tezlikl\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015fin m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evrilir. Layih\u0259l\u0259r g\u00fcnd\u0259lik mane\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fir: material t\u0259dar\u00fck\u00fc gecikir, i\u015f yolu ba\u011flan\u0131r, i\u015f\u00e7i hey\u0259ti \u00e7at\u0131\u015fm\u0131r v\u0259 ya texniki sual cavabs\u0131z qal\u0131r. Faydal\u0131 c\u0259dv\u0259l bu reall\u0131qlar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirir v\u0259 layih\u0259nin ba\u015fa \u00e7atmas\u0131na h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n hans\u0131 amill\u0259rin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n

M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, t\u0259k bir f\u0259aliyy\u0259td\u0259 iki g\u00fcnl\u00fck gecikm\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn layih\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iki g\u00fcnl\u00fck gecikm\u0259 dem\u0259k deyil. \u018fg\u0259r paralel f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259r ir\u0259lil\u0259y\u0259 bilirs\u0259 v\u0259 ya kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r ehtiyat vaxt (float) m\u00f6vcuddursa, t\u0259sir m\u0259hdud qal\u0131r. Lakin h\u0259min f\u0259aliyy\u0259t sonrak\u0131 tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131qlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ilkin \u015f\u0259rt kimi kritik yolda (Critical Path) yerl\u0259\u015firs\u0259, o, layih\u0259nin qrafikini k\u0259skin \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bu ssenaril\u0259ri bir siyah\u0131ya baxmaqla f\u0259rql\u0259ndirm\u0259k qeyri-m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcasir tikinti proqram t\u0259minat\u0131 baza c\u0259dv\u0259li, faktiki ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015f v\u0259 proqnozla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan tamamlanma yana\u015f\u0131 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirildikd\u0259 \u0259v\u0259zsiz oldu\u011funu s\u00fcbut edir. Bir tikinti layih\u0259si meneceri cavab verm\u0259yi bacarmal\u0131d\u0131r: \u201cC\u0259dv\u0259ld\u0259n n\u0259 geri qal\u0131r?\u201d<\/em>, \u201cHans\u0131 sonrak\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259r bu gecikm\u0259ni miras al\u0131r?\u201d<\/em> v\u0259 \u201cHans\u0131 d\u00fcz\u0259ldici t\u0259dbir bu t\u0259sirin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ala bil\u0259r?\u201d<\/em> \u018ftrafl\u0131 m\u0259lumat \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iri tikinti layih\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 gecikm\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 strategiyalar\u0131<\/a> haqq\u0131nda m\u0259qal\u0259miz\u0259 bax\u0131n.<\/p>\n

\"Plan\u015fetd\u0259<\/p>\n

T\u0259chizat v\u0259 Logistika<\/h2>\n

B\u0259z\u0259n tikinti sah\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015f\u00e7i hey\u0259ti tam olur, c\u0259dv\u0259l ka\u011f\u0131z \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00f6hk\u0259m g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, lakin kritik material h\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259yib. Problem material \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sah\u0259d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn yaranmay\u0131b; onun k\u00f6kl\u0259ri \u00e7ox vaxt sat\u0131nalma sor\u011fular\u0131n\u0131n gecikdirildiyi v\u0259 ya real t\u0259dar\u00fck m\u00fcdd\u0259tl\u0259rinin c\u0259dv\u0259ld\u0259n k\u0259narda qald\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259ft\u0259l\u0259r \u0259vv\u0259l\u0259 gedib \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Standart mallar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sifari\u015f v\u0259 q\u0259bul q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 ba\u015f verir. Lakin x\u00fcsusi materiallar, ixtisasla\u015fm\u0131\u015f avadanl\u0131qlar v\u0259 ya uzun t\u0259chizat z\u0259ncirl\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 g\u0259tiril\u0259n m\u0259hsullar geni\u015f t\u0259dar\u00fck m\u00fcdd\u0259ti t\u0259l\u0259b edir. R\u0259q\u0259msal t\u0259chizat sistemi sat\u0131nalma sor\u011fular\u0131n\u0131 birba\u015fa layih\u0259nin WBS f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k t\u0259l\u0259b olunan tarixl\u0259ri real t\u0259dar\u00fck m\u00fcdd\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 edir. Erk\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131qlar yaln\u0131z reaksiya verm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259l\u0259 vaxt olduqda h\u0259qiqi d\u0259y\u0259r\u0259 malikdir.<\/p>\n

Tikinti X\u0259rcl\u0259rin\u0259 N\u0259zar\u0259t<\/h2>\n

Bir bax\u0131\u015fdan, layih\u0259d\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259r\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t b\u00fcdc\u0259nin \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015fl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 edilm\u0259si dem\u0259kdir. Lakin real tikintid\u0259 \u00f6d\u0259nilmi\u015f v\u0259saitl\u0259r t\u0259nlikl\u0259rin yaln\u0131z bir hiss\u0259sini t\u0259\u015fkil edir. \u0130\u015fl\u0259r tamamlanm\u0131\u015f, lakin onlar\u0131n \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015f sor\u011fusu h\u0259l\u0259 bax\u0131lmaqda ola bil\u0259r; he\u00e7 bir \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015f edilm\u0259d\u0259n sat\u0131nalma sifari\u015fl\u0259ri veril\u0259 bil\u0259r; v\u0259 ya bug\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0259liq\u0259li m\u00fchasibat u\u00e7otuna baxmayaraq g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259r layih\u0259ni t\u0259hdid ed\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

N\u0259tic\u0259 etibaril\u0259, layih\u0259 menecerl\u0259ri faktiki na\u011fd x\u0259rcl\u0259ri, \u00f6hd\u0259liy\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f maliyy\u0259 \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rini v\u0259 tamamlanma zaman\u0131 proqnozla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan x\u0259rcl\u0259ri bir-birind\u0259n ay\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Bu panoramik bax\u0131\u015f b\u00fcdc\u0259l\u0259r t\u00fck\u0259nm\u0259mi\u015fd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l maliyy\u0259 trayektoriyalar\u0131n\u0131 qabaqcadan g\u00f6rm\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k edir v\u0259 sifari\u015f\u00e7i il\u0259 h\u0259r bir tikinti podrat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131nda maliyy\u0259 \u015f\u0259ffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min edir. Praktik \u00fcsullar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn podrat\u00e7\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u0259rcl\u0259r\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t strategiyalar\u0131<\/a> haqq\u0131nda m\u0259qal\u0259mizi oxuyun.<\/p>\n

Sah\u0259d\u0259 Pe\u015f\u0259 Koordinasiyas\u0131<\/h2>\n

Tikinti layih\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 bir \u00e7ox gecikm\u0259l\u0259r s\u0259y \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan deyil, pe\u015f\u0259 k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n qaynaqlan\u0131r. Elektrik m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisinin mexaniki havaland\u0131rma kanallar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tutulmu\u015f tavanda kabel traylar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sabit sah\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131 var. Suvaq\u00e7\u0131 boru t\u0259zyiq s\u0131naqlar\u0131 ba\u015fa \u00e7atmam\u0131\u015f divar\u0131 ba\u011flamaq ist\u0259yir. N\u00f6vb\u0259ti pe\u015f\u0259 qrupu c\u0259dv\u0259l gecikm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259rsiz olaraq v\u0259 ya sah\u0259nin tam haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259r\u0259k i\u015f sah\u0259sin\u0259 daxil olur.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259 anlarda \u201cH\u0259r k\u0259s koordinasiya olunmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d<\/em> dem\u0259k he\u00e7 n\u0259 qazand\u0131rm\u0131r. Koordinasiya i\u015fl\u0259k ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7evrilm\u0259lidir: \u201cHans\u0131 sah\u0259 hans\u0131 pe\u015f\u0259y\u0259 hans\u0131 vaxtda m\u0259xsusdur?\u201d<\/em>, \u201cN\u00f6vb\u0259ti komanda daxil olmazdan \u0259vv\u0259l n\u0259 ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r?\u201d<\/em>, \u201c\u0130\u015f sah\u0259sinin haz\u0131r olmas\u0131n\u0131 kim imzalay\u0131r?\u201d<\/em> v\u0259 \u201c\u018fg\u0259r briqada mane\u0259 il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rsa, kim\u0259 v\u0259 nec\u0259 m\u0259lumat verirl\u0259r?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Sifari\u015f\u00e7iy\u0259 Hesabat<\/h2>\n

\u0130st\u0259nil\u0259n layih\u0259d\u0259 sifari\u015f\u00e7il\u0259r g\u00fcnd\u0259lik tikinti sah\u0259si x\u0131rda\u00e7\u0131l\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u0259y\u0259 nadir hallarda ehtiyac duyurlar. Onlar layih\u0259nin v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini, c\u0259dv\u0259l\u0259 v\u0259 ya b\u00fcdc\u0259y\u0259 hans\u0131 riskl\u0259rin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n hans\u0131 q\u0259rarlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259b olundu\u011funu bilm\u0259k ist\u0259yirl\u0259r. Keyfiyy\u0259tli idar\u0259etm\u0259 hesabat\u0131 xam qrafikl\u0259ri v\u0259 izah olunmam\u0131\u015f texniki jarqonlar\u0131 bir s\u0259hif\u0259y\u0259 t\u00f6km\u0259k \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 m\u0259hz bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u018fg\u0259r layih\u0259 c\u0259dv\u0259ld\u0259n geri qal\u0131rsa, \u201c\u0130r\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015f 68%-dir\u201d<\/em> dem\u0259k kifay\u0259t deyil. Bu faizin n\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc, d\u0259qiq k\u0259narla\u015fman\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri d\u0259qiql\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. \u018fsas g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rin yan\u0131ndak\u0131 q\u0131sa izahatlar xam r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259ri h\u0259lledici q\u0259rarlara \u00e7evirir.<\/p>\n

Q\u0259rarlar\u0131n S\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si<\/h2>\n

Mesajla\u015fma proqramlar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tli \u00fcnsiyy\u0259td\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ani mesajla\u015fma vasit\u0259sil\u0259 \u015f\u0259kil g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259k, s\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259ri \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirm\u0259k v\u0259 ya material g\u0259li\u015fini elan etm\u0259k asand\u0131r. Problem layih\u0259nin b\u00fct\u00fcn institusional yadda\u015f\u0131 \u00f6t\u0259ri s\u00f6hb\u0259t tarixc\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 etibar edildikd\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. D\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r, sat\u0131nalma t\u0259sdiql\u0259ri v\u0259 ya texniki izahatlarla ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259rarlar t\u0259sad\u00fcfi s\u00f6hb\u0259tl\u0259r aras\u0131nda itib bat\u0131r v\u0259 aylar sonra onlar\u0131 tapmaq dem\u0259k olar ki, qeyri-m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur.<\/p>\n

Komandalar\u0131n mesajla\u015fma proqramlar\u0131ndan imtina etm\u0259sin\u0259 ehtiyac yoxdur. Sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u0259lidir ki, \u00e7at yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tli bildiri\u015fl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnd\u00fcr, lakin x\u0259rc\u0259, vaxta, keyfiyy\u0259t\u0259 v\u0259 ya i\u015f h\u0259cmin\u0259 t\u0259sir ed\u0259n m\u0259lumatlar r\u0259smi t\u0259yin olunmu\u015f repozitoriyada qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u018fsas Tikinti Menecmenti Proqramlar\u0131<\/h2>\n

Biz tikinti menecmentinin prosesl\u0259ri v\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rini m\u00fczakir\u0259 etdik; lakin praktikada hans\u0131 x\u00fcsusi proqram t\u0259minat\u0131 al\u0259tl\u0259ri bu i\u015f ax\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yir? Bu al\u0259tl\u0259ri tan\u0131maq ideal se\u00e7imi layih\u0259 miqyas\u0131na v\u0259 komanda strukturuna uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa k\u00f6m\u0259k edir:<\/p>\n