{"id":6287,"date":"2026-09-07T14:37:40","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T11:07:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/azco.az\/?p=6287"},"modified":"2026-09-07T14:43:11","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T11:13:11","slug":"irih%c9%99cmli-layih%c9%99l%c9%99rd%c9%99-qabaqcil-betonlama-metodlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/irih%c9%99cmli-layih%c9%99l%c9%99rd%c9%99-qabaqcil-betonlama-metodlari\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130rih\u0259cmli Layih\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 Qabaqc\u0131l Betonlama Metodlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00f6y\u00fck bir betonlama \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 ad\u0259t\u0259n nasosun i\u015f\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259 s\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r; lakin onun u\u011furu nasosun d\u00fcym\u0259si bas\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fdan xeyli \u0259vv\u0259l m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fir.<\/p>\n

H\u0259l\u0259 s\u0259h\u0259r saat alt\u0131 deyil. Avtobetonqar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar bir-bir sah\u0259y\u0259 daxil olur, betonun temperaturu v\u0259 \u00e7\u00f6km\u0259 konusu (slump) yoxlan\u0131l\u0131r, nasoslar i\u015f\u0259 haz\u0131r v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259tirilir v\u0259 icra qrupu armatur v\u0259 q\u0259lib \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 son yoxlamalar\u0131 apar\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u0259nardan baxd\u0131qda bu, sad\u0259 bir rutin proses kimi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259 bil\u0259r: betonu avtomobild\u0259n bo\u015falt, q\u0259lib\u0259 t\u00f6k v\u0259 v\u0259ssalam.<\/p>\n

Lakin bir ne\u00e7\u0259 min kubmetrlik b\u00fct\u00f6v b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259 (sal b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259), g\u00f6yd\u0259l\u0259n v\u0259 ya d\u0259niz k\u0259nar\u0131 hidrotexniki layih\u0259 il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131-qar\u015f\u0131yas\u0131n\u0131zsa, hekay\u0259 tamamil\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Bu miqyasda betonlama qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259li z\u0259ncirdir \u2014 qat\u0131\u015f\u0131q layih\u0259sind\u0259n (mix design) v\u0259 da\u015f\u0131nma m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259n tutmu\u015f, daxili temperatura, s\u0131xla\u015fd\u0131rma metoduna, qulluq (curing) rejimin\u0259 v\u0259 h\u0259tta \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131n ortas\u0131nda i\u015fi dayand\u0131ra bil\u0259c\u0259k g\u00f6zl\u0259nilm\u0259z hadis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r.<\/p>\n

\u018fg\u0259r bu z\u0259ncirin birc\u0259 halqas\u0131 bel\u0259 q\u0131r\u0131larsa, f\u0259sad h\u0259min g\u00fcn d\u0259rhal n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7arpmaya bil\u0259r; lakin konstruksiya bunun b\u0259d\u0259lini ill\u0259r sonra a\u011f\u0131r \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

H\u0259cm Artanda S\u0259hvl\u0259r Art\u0131q X\u0131rda Qalm\u0131r<\/h2>\n

T\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr edin ki, t\u0259xmin\u0259n 4000 kubmetr h\u0259cmind\u0259 v\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 metr qal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sal b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259 (raft foundation) betonlay\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Bu miqyasda i\u015fin birc\u0259 anl\u0131q dayanmas\u0131 sad\u0259c\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 saatl\u0131q gecikm\u0259 dem\u0259k deyil.<\/p>\n

\u018fg\u0259r bir hiss\u0259 n\u00f6vb\u0259ti qat g\u0259l\u0259n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r b\u0259rkim\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flayarsa, soyuq tiki\u015f (cold joint) yaran\u0131r. Bu tiki\u015f kritik bir zonaya t\u0259sad\u00fcf ed\u0259rs\u0259, konstruksiyan\u0131n k\u0259siyinin b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 da\u015f\u0131ma qabiliyy\u0259tini pozar; n\u0259mi\u015flik v\u0259 ya duzlu m\u00fchitl\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 aqressiv madd\u0259l\u0259rin i\u00e7\u0259ri n\u00fcfuz etm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131q koridora \u00e7evril\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, b\u00f6y\u00fck beton h\u0259cmi h\u0259m d\u0259 idar\u0259 olunmal\u0131 n\u0259h\u0259ng istilik dem\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

Sementin hidratasiya reaksiyas\u0131 ekzotermikdir v\u0259 qal\u0131n k\u0259sikl\u0259rd\u0259 bu istilik betonun n\u00fcv\u0259sind\u0259n (m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259n) k\u0259nara asanl\u0131qla \u00e7\u0131xa bilmir. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 daxili temperatur s\u0259th\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n k\u0259skin d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259lir.<\/p>\n

\u018fg\u0259r n\u00fcv\u0259 v\u0259 s\u0259th aras\u0131ndak\u0131 temperatur f\u0259rqi (termik qradiyent) kritik h\u0259ddi a\u015farsa, cavan beton daxili dart\u0131lma g\u0259rginlikl\u0259rin\u0259 m\u0259ruz qal\u0131r v\u0259 \u00e7atlar yaran\u0131r \u2014 ilk g\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tsiz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n, lakin sonradan n\u0259m v\u0259 xlorid ionlar\u0131n\u0131n daxil olmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn magistral yola \u00e7evril\u0259n \u00e7atlar.<\/p>\n

Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259vi betonlama zaman\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 sad\u0259c\u0259 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r beton t\u00f6kd\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fcz deyil; betonun h\u0259min h\u0259cmd\u0259 fiziki v\u0259 kimy\u0259vi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n nec\u0259 davranmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u018fn\u0259n\u0259vi strukturlarda icra x\u0259talar\u0131 lokal b\u0259rpa i\u015fl\u0259ri il\u0259 aradan qald\u0131r\u0131la bil\u0259r. Lakin 4000 kubmetrlik v\u0259 3 metr qal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 sal b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259d\u0259 fizika tam f\u0259rqli qanunlarla i\u015fl\u0259yir. Bel\u0259 bir k\u0259siyin orta d\u0259rinliyind\u0259 yaranan gizli soyuq tiki\u015f k\u0259sici q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcqavim\u0259ti ciddi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 z\u0259ifl\u0259dir v\u0259 qrunt sular\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131zmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn birba\u015fa yol a\u00e7\u0131r; epoksi v\u0259 ya poliuretan qatranlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259k t\u0259zyiql\u0259 inyeksiyas\u0131 bel\u0259 layih\u0259vi da\u015f\u0131ma qabiliyy\u0259tini he\u00e7 vaxt tam b\u0259rpa ed\u0259 bilmir. Daxili istilik konsentrasiyas\u0131 da bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rd\u0259 kritikl\u0259\u015fir. Hidratasiya istiliyinin yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 asimmetrik temperatur sah\u0259si v\u0259 s\u0259thl\u0259 olan k\u0259skin f\u0259rq g\u0259rginlik yarad\u0131r. Bu g\u0259rginlikl\u0259r cavan betonun dart\u0131lma m\u00f6hk\u0259mliyini a\u015fan anda d\u0259rin \u00e7atlar \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lir.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Beton Zavoddan Q\u0259lib\u0259 Q\u0259d\u0259r D\u0259yi\u015fir<\/h2>\n

Geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u0259hvl\u0259rd\u0259n biri betonun keyfiyy\u0259tini yaln\u0131z betonqar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 qov\u015faqdan (zavoddan) \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131 an qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

Beton zamandan as\u0131l\u0131 olan dinamik bir materiald\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Zavodda resept\u0259 tam uy\u011fun haz\u0131rlana bil\u0259r, lakin yoldak\u0131 gecikm\u0259l\u0259r, t\u0131xaclar, sah\u0259nin giri\u015find\u0259ki n\u00f6vb\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 ya avadanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dayanmas\u0131 onun strukturunu d\u0259yi\u015fir v\u0259 \u00e7\u00f6km\u0259 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sinin itirilm\u0259sin\u0259 (slump loss) s\u0259b\u0259b olur.<\/p>\n

M\u0259hz burada \u0259n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li v\u0259 yolverilm\u0259z q\u0259rar verilir:<\/p>\n

\u00abG\u0259lin bir az su \u0259lav\u0259 ed\u0259k ki, yenid\u0259n ax\u0131c\u0131 olsun.\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu add\u0131m vizual problemi bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259qiq\u0259y\u0259 h\u0259ll ed\u0259 bil\u0259r, lakin su-sement nisb\u0259tini () darmada\u011f\u0131n edir, betonun m\u0259sam\u0259liliyini art\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 b\u0259rkimi\u015f betonun son m\u00f6hk\u0259mliyini v\u0259 davaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (durability) iflic edir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fch\u0259ndislik h\u0259lli su \u0259lav\u0259 etm\u0259k deyil; logistika v\u0259 t\u0259dar\u00fck z\u0259ncirini d\u00fczg\u00fcn idar\u0259 etm\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

Da\u015f\u0131nma vaxt\u0131 monitorinq edilm\u0259li, ma\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n interval\u0131 faktiki nasos qabiliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 sinxronla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 v\u0259 laz\u0131m g\u0259l\u0259rs\u0259, i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tini saxlayan qatq\u0131lardan (slump retainers) istifad\u0259 olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. GPS kimi al\u0259tl\u0259r d\u00fczg\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edildikd\u0259 sad\u0259c\u0259 logistik vasit\u0259 deyil, birba\u015fa keyfiyy\u0259t\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t mexanizmidir. \u00c7\u00fcnki b\u00f6y\u00fck betonlamada zaman \u00f6z\u00fc betonun \u0259sas inqrediyentl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir.<\/p>\n

Qat\u0131\u015f\u0131q Layih\u0259si \u018ftraf M\u00fchiti Anlamal\u0131d\u0131r<\/h2>\n

Quru iqlimd\u0259 adi bina \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn layih\u0259l\u0259ndirilmi\u015f beton sahil v\u0259 ya d\u0259niz qur\u011fusu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u0259tiyy\u0259n yararl\u0131 deyil.<\/p>\n

Xloridli m\u00fchitl\u0259rd\u0259 yaln\u0131z s\u0131x\u0131lma m\u00f6hk\u0259mliyi () kifay\u0259t etmir; \u0259sas meyar davaml\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259zlikdir.<\/p>\n

\u018fsas strategiya betonun kapilyar m\u0259sam\u0259liliyini minimuma endirm\u0259kdir. Su-ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 nisb\u0259ti () minimumda saxlan\u0131lmal\u0131 v\u0259 az su il\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b olunan i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tini t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni n\u0259sil polikarboksilat \u0259sasl\u0131 superplastifikatorlardan (PCE) istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

Mikrosilika (silica fume) sement pastas\u0131ndak\u0131 mikrom\u0259sam\u0259l\u0259ri dolduraraq strukturu s\u0131xla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Polipropilen lifl\u0259r is\u0259 ilkin saatlarda ba\u015f ver\u0259n plastik b\u00fcz\u00fclm\u0259 (plastic shrinkage) \u00e7atlar\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259 saxlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn olduqca effektivdir \u2014 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 isti, quru v\u0259 k\u00fcl\u0259kli hava \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259.<\/p>\n

Lakin \u0259n vacib prinsip budur: Yax\u015f\u0131 qat\u0131\u015f\u0131q layih\u0259si h\u0259r layih\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259tbiq olunan universal bir \u015fablon deyil. Konstruktiv \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259r, iqlim, m\u0259saf\u0259, nasoslama \u00fcsulu, armatur s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 istismar m\u00fcdd\u0259ti v\u0259hd\u0259t hal\u0131nda n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00fctl\u0259vi Betonda \u0130stilik \u0130dar\u0259 Edilm\u0259lidir<\/h2>\n

K\u00fctl\u0259vi betonlama il\u0259 standart betonlama aras\u0131ndak\u0131 \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm f\u0259rq istilik idar\u0259\u00e7iliyidir.<\/p>\n

B\u0259z\u0259n problem betonun soyumas\u0131 deyil, h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q q\u0131zmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Texniki \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r v\u0259 standartlar (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, ACI 207) daxili maksimum temperaturu v\u0259 n\u00fcv\u0259-s\u0259th aras\u0131ndak\u0131 temperatur f\u0259rqini (ad\u0259t\u0259n maksimum ) m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

H\u0259ll yolu kompleks yana\u015fma t\u0259l\u0259b edir:<\/p>\n

T\u0259z\u0259 betonun ilkin temperaturunu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 salmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn inert materiallar \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259d\u0259n soyudulur v\u0259 ya qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q suyunun bir hiss\u0259si buzla \u0259v\u0259z olunur.<\/p>\n

Beton q\u0259lib\u0259 daxil olduqdan sonra i\u015f bitmir. M\u0259suliyy\u0259tli layih\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 k\u0259sik boyunca termoc\u00fctl\u0259r (termoc\u00fct sensorlar) v\u0259 dataloggerl\u0259r yerl\u0259\u015fdirilir. \u018fg\u0259r temperatur f\u0259rqinin artmas\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunarsa, daxili soyutma borular\u0131 (cooling pipes) v\u0259 ya s\u0259thin x\u00fcsusi izolyasiya \u00f6rt\u00fckl\u0259ri il\u0259 qorunmas\u0131 t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri i\u015f\u0259 sal\u0131n\u0131r. Bu, \u00e7atlar\u0131n yaranmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259yib sonra s\u0259b\u0259b axtarmaq \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259, betonun davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 real vaxt rejimind\u0259 idar\u0259 etm\u0259k dem\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

Su K\u0259nar\u0131nda Davaml\u0131l\u0131q \u0130lk G\u00fcnd\u0259n Ba\u015flay\u0131r<\/h2>\n

D\u0259niz v\u0259 hidrotexniki qur\u011fular\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259z d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni xlorid ionlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

N\u0259mi\u015flik, duz v\u0259 d\u00f6vri islanma-quruma tsikll\u0259ri x\u00fcsusil\u0259 dal\u011falanma zonas\u0131nda (splash zone) beton v\u0259 armatur \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n aqressiv \u015f\u0259raiti yarad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Burada betonun s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131, armaturun qoruyucu beton qat\u0131 (concrete cover) v\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 m\u00fchafiz\u0259 sisteml\u0259ri h\u0259yati \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sualt\u0131 betonlama apar\u0131l\u0131rsa, sement s\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fcn yuyulmas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 seqreqasiyan\u0131n (t\u0259rkibin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n) qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tremie (\u015faquli boru) metodunda borunun ucu daim t\u0259z\u0259 betonun daxilind\u0259 saxlan\u0131l\u0131r ki, axan su il\u0259 birba\u015fa da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131 t\u0259mas minimuma endirilsin. \u201cYax\u015f\u0131 beton\u201d konsepsiyas\u0131nda icra metodunun \u00f6z\u00fc davaml\u0131l\u0131q layih\u0259sinin ayr\u0131lmaz hiss\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n

Pe\u015f\u0259kar Tikinti Sah\u0259si Plan\u0131n Pozulmas\u0131na da Haz\u0131rd\u0131r<\/h2>\n

He\u00e7 bir irih\u0259cmli betonlama yaln\u0131z ideal ssenari \u00fczr\u0259 getmir.<\/p>\n

Nasos xarab ola bil\u0259r, elektrik k\u0259sil\u0259 bil\u0259r, mikser gecik\u0259 bil\u0259r v\u0259 ya mar\u015frut ba\u011flana bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Pe\u015f\u0259kar m\u00fch\u0259ndislik sual\u0131 bu deyil: \u201cH\u0259r \u015fey qaydas\u0131nda gets\u0259 n\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yik?\u201d<\/em> \u018fsas sual budur:<\/p>\n

\u201cBir \u015fey s\u0259hv gets\u0259, d\u0259qiq f\u0259aliyy\u0259t plan\u0131m\u0131z n\u0259dir?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u0259hz buna g\u00f6r\u0259 q\u0259za i\u015f\u00e7i tiki\u015fl\u0259rinin (emergency construction joints) yerl\u0259ri qabaqcadan m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259lidir. Ehtiyat generatorlar, alternativ nasoslar v\u0259 kritik layih\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ikinci ehtiyat zavod plan\u0131n t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r prosesin dayanmas\u0131 qa\u00e7\u0131lmazd\u0131rsa, tiki\u015f s\u0259thinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, armatur burax\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131 v\u0259 i\u015fin b\u0259rpas\u0131 qaydas\u0131 \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259d\u0259n t\u0259limatland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Dayan\u0131ql\u0131 planla\u015fd\u0131rma t\u0259kc\u0259 u\u011furlu icran\u0131 deyil, u\u011fursuzlu\u011fa qar\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u0259hat\u0259 edir.<\/p>\n

\u0130cra Keyfiyy\u0259ti Sad\u0259 Detallarda Gizl\u0259nir<\/h2>\n

Tikinti meydan\u00e7as\u0131nda \u0259n vacib n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri b\u0259z\u0259n \u0259n sad\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259yin edir:<\/p>\n

Betonlanmadan \u0259vv\u0259l q\u0259libin t\u0259mizliyi, armaturun yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si, qoruyucu qat fiksatorlar\u0131 v\u0259 nasos yollar\u0131 tam yoxlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Betonlama zaman\u0131 betonu vibratorun \u015flanq\u0131 il\u0259 \u00fcf\u00fcqi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 s\u00fcr\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259k q\u0259ti qada\u011fand\u0131r. Vibrasiya betonu da\u015f\u0131maq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn deyil, s\u0131xla\u015fd\u0131rmaq v\u0259 daxild\u0259ki havan\u0131 xaric etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnd\u00fcr. H\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q vibrasiya is\u0259 qar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 s\u0259thd\u0259 z\u0259if sement s\u00fcd\u00fc t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sinin (laitance) toplanmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur.<\/p>\n

V\u0259 \u0259n \u0259sas\u0131: Qulluq (curing).<\/p>\n

Beton ilkin b\u0259rkim\u0259ni tamamlad\u0131qdan sonra i\u015f bitmir. N\u0259mliyin qorunmas\u0131, tez quruman\u0131n v\u0259 erk\u0259n termik \u015fokun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259nil\u0259n m\u00f6hk\u0259mlik v\u0259 davaml\u0131l\u0131q d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sini \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vacibdir.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6z Kifay\u0259t Etm\u0259dikd\u0259, M\u0259lumatlara (Data) G\u00fcv\u0259nin<\/h2>\n

M\u00fcasir meqalayih\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259r \u015feyi yaln\u0131z vizual n\u0259zar\u0259tl\u0259 idar\u0259 etm\u0259k art\u0131q m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil.<\/p>\n

3D lazer skanlama v\u0259 fotoqrammetriya vasit\u0259sil\u0259 betonlamadan \u0259vv\u0259l faktiki v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti BIM modeli il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 etm\u0259k v\u0259 x\u0259talar\u0131 vaxt\u0131nda a\u015fkarlamaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130cradan sonra ultras\u0259s impulsu (UPV) kimi da\u011f\u0131tmayan s\u0131naq metodlar\u0131 (NDT) betonun b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 daxili anomaliyalar\u0131n\u0131 yoxlama\u011fa imkan verir.<\/p>\n

\u018fn s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li texnologiyalardan biri is\u0259 betonun yetkinlik (maturity) sensorlar\u0131d\u0131r. T\u0259qvim\u0259 bax\u0131b \u201ct\u00f6km\u0259d\u0259n filan q\u0259d\u0259r g\u00fcn ke\u00e7di\u201d dem\u0259k \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259, zaman-temperatur inteqral\u0131 \u0259sas\u0131nda betonun faktiki m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259nm\u0259 dinamikas\u0131 izl\u0259nilir v\u0259 q\u0259libl\u0259rin s\u00f6k\u00fclm\u0259si q\u0259rar\u0131 real m\u0259lumatlara \u0259sas\u0259n verilir. Texnologiyan\u0131n m\u0259qs\u0259di m\u00fch\u0259ndisi \u0259v\u0259zl\u0259m\u0259k deyil; \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r t\u0259xmin etdiyimiz parametrl\u0259ri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259 bil\u0259n v\u0259 idar\u0259 olunan etm\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u201cYa\u015f\u0131l Beton\u201d Sad\u0259c\u0259 Ekoloji \u015e\u00fcar Deyil<\/h2>\n

Minl\u0259rl\u0259 kubmetr beton s\u0259rf ed\u0259n layih\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 material\u0131n qism\u0259n \u0259v\u0259zl\u0259nm\u0259si h\u0259m ekoloji, h\u0259m d\u0259 texniki bax\u0131mdan b\u00f6y\u00fck f\u0259rq yarad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Domna \u015flak\u0131 (GGBS) v\u0259 ya u\u00e7ucu k\u00fcl (fly ash) kimi \u0259lav\u0259 sementl\u0259yici materiallardan (SCM) istifad\u0259 klinkerin pay\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 karbon izini azald\u0131r. Eyni zamanda, bu materiallar hidratasiya istiliyinin ayr\u0131lma s\u00fcr\u0259tini azald\u0131r, termik g\u0259rginlik riskini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 sal\u0131r v\u0259 betonun sulfatlara v\u0259 xloridl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcqavim\u0259tini \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 art\u0131r\u0131r. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, ekoloji fayda konstruktiv t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin v\u0259 qrafikin z\u0259r\u0259rin\u0259 olmamal\u0131, qat\u0131\u015f\u0131q optimalla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u0259y\u0259r M\u00fch\u0259ndisliyi: Texnologiya B\u00f6y\u00fck X\u0259rcl\u0259rin Qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Ald\u0131qda D\u0259y\u0259rlidir<\/h2>\n

Sensorlar, x\u00fcsusi qatq\u0131lar, soyutma avadanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 ya ehtiyat nasos ilkin bax\u0131\u015fda \u0259lav\u0259 x\u0259rc kimi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259 bil\u0259r. Lakin real x\u0259rc potensial u\u011fursuzlu\u011fun miqyas\u0131 il\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

Struktur \u00e7at\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259rpas\u0131 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ba\u015fa g\u0259lir? Qrunt alt\u0131nda qalm\u0131\u015f z\u0259d\u0259li b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259nin t\u0259miri ne\u00e7\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015fa g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k? \u0130ll\u0259r sonra armaturun korroziyaya u\u011framas\u0131 hal\u0131nda h\u0259min k\u0259siy\u0259 \u00e7atmaq v\u0259 onu b\u0259rpa etm\u0259k n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7\u0259tin v\u0259 baha olacaq?<\/p>\n

\u0130ri layih\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 qabaqc\u0131l texnologiyalar \u0259slind\u0259 x\u0259rc deyil, s\u0131\u011fortad\u0131r \u2014 proqnozla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131la bil\u0259n riskin g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck b\u00f6hrana \u00e7evrilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 dair veril\u0259n m\u00fch\u0259ndislik z\u0259man\u0259tidir.<\/p>\n

Yekunda Qalan Sad\u0259c\u0259 Beton Deyil<\/h2>\n

U\u011furlu betonlama \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 sad\u0259c\u0259 sah\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n mikserl\u0259rin say\u0131, nasosun s\u00fcr\u0259ti v\u0259 ya vurulan kubmetrl\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u018fsas suallar bunlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Beton istehsaldan q\u0259lib\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r tam n\u0259zar\u0259t alt\u0131nda saxlan\u0131ld\u0131m\u0131?<\/li>\n
  • Temperatur v\u0259 zaman idar\u0259 olundumu?<\/li>\n
  • \u018ftraf m\u00fchit h\u0259m reseptd\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 icra metodunda n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nd\u0131m\u0131?<\/li>\n
  • G\u00f6zl\u0259nilm\u0259z dayanmalara haz\u0131r idikmi?<\/li>\n
  • Keyfiyy\u0259t yaln\u0131z g\u00f6z\u0259yar\u0131 bax\u0131\u015fa, yoxsa real r\u0259q\u0259msal m\u0259lumatlara \u0259sasland\u0131?<\/li>\n
  • V\u0259 \u0259n \u0259sas\u0131 \u2014 bu g\u00fcn g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u015f on ill\u0259r sonra layih\u0259d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan istismar t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 eyni d\u0259qiqlikl\u0259 cavab ver\u0259c\u0259kmi?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0130rih\u0259cmli layih\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 betonlama sad\u0259c\u0259 mexaniki icra prosesi deyil. Bu; material\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131q, vaxt\u0131n idar\u0259 edilm\u0259si, termik n\u0259zar\u0259t, iqlim h\u0259ssasl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sah\u0259 intizam\u0131 v\u0259 texnologiyan\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn inteqrasiyas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Keyfiyy\u0259tli beton t\u0259sad\u00fcf\u0259n yaranm\u0131r; o, b\u00fct\u00fcn mar\u015frut boyu h\u0259r add\u0131mda pe\u015f\u0259karl\u0131qla idar\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    B\u00f6y\u00fck bir betonlama \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131 ad\u0259t\u0259n nasosun i\u015f\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259 s\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r; lakin onun u\u011furu nasosun d\u00fcym\u0259si bas\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fdan xeyli \u0259vv\u0259l m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fir. H\u0259l\u0259 s\u0259h\u0259r saat alt\u0131 deyil. Avtobetonqar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar bir-bir sah\u0259y\u0259 daxil olur, betonun temperaturu v\u0259 \u00e7\u00f6km\u0259 konusu (slump) yoxlan\u0131l\u0131r, nasoslar i\u015f\u0259 haz\u0131r v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259tirilir v\u0259 icra qrupu armatur v\u0259 q\u0259lib \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 son yoxlamalar\u0131 apar\u0131r. K\u0259nardan baxd\u0131qda bu, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6272,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6287","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bloq"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6287","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6287"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6287\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6297,"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6287\/revisions\/6297"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6272"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6287"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6287"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}