{"id":5249,"date":"2026-06-27T13:58:03","date_gmt":"2026-06-27T10:28:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/azco.az\/?p=5249"},"modified":"2026-06-28T10:02:08","modified_gmt":"2026-06-28T06:32:08","slug":"bakinin-kul%c9%99kli-bolg%c9%99l%c9%99rind%c9%99-polad-konstruksiyalarin-icrasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/bakinin-kul%c9%99kli-bolg%c9%99l%c9%99rind%c9%99-polad-konstruksiyalarin-icrasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Bak\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcl\u0259kli B\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 Polad Konstruksiyalar\u0131n \u0130cras\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bak\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcl\u0259kli B\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 Polad Konstruksiyalar\u0131n \u0130cras\u0131: Geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilmi\u015f M\u00fch\u0259ndislik T\u0259limat\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Giri\u015f: Bak\u0131n\u0131n Atmosfer, Co\u011frafi v\u0259 Geomexaniki T\u0259hlili<\/h2>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n paytaxt\u0131 Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri, tarix\u0259n \u201cBadkub\u0259\u201d (k\u00fcl\u0259kl\u0259rin d\u00f6y\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fc \u015f\u0259h\u0259r) kimi tan\u0131nmas\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, m\u00fcasir struktur m\u00fch\u0259ndisliyi bax\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b tikinti poliqonlar\u0131ndan biri hesab olunur. Ab\u015feron yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus iqlimi v\u0259 geologiyas\u0131, burada ucald\u0131lan polad konstruksiyalar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn unikal \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Tikinti prosesi burada iki \u0259sas da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131 amilin k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259 ba\u015f verir: birincisi, s\u00fcr\u0259ti anl\u0131q olaraq 40-45 m\/s-y\u0259 \u00e7atan \u015fimal\u0131n soyuq \u201cX\u0259zri\u201d v\u0259 c\u0259nubun isti \u201cGilavar\u201d k\u00fcl\u0259kl\u0259ri; ikincisi is\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin duzlu sular\u0131ndan qaynaqlanan, xlorid v\u0259 sulfat ionlar\u0131 il\u0259 z\u0259ngin y\u00fcks\u0259k r\u00fctub\u0259tli atmosfer.<\/p>\n

Bu \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 polad konstruksiyalar\u0131n se\u00e7ilm\u0259si yaln\u0131z s\u00fcr\u0259t deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 strateji bir z\u0259rur\u0259tdir. Polad\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u00f6hk\u0259mlik-\u00e7\u0259ki nisb\u0259ti, b\u00f6y\u00fck a\u015f\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ke\u00e7m\u0259k qabiliyy\u0259ti v\u0259 seysmik y\u00fckl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u00fcneklik (ductility) n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirm\u0259si Bak\u0131n\u0131n seysmik zonas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259v\u0259zolunmazd\u0131r. Lakin, \u0259g\u0259r layih\u0259l\u0259ndirm\u0259, logistika, montaj v\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259t\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t (QA\/QC) prosesl\u0259ri Bak\u0131n\u0131n bu ekstrimal iqlim \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri il\u0259 sinxronla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmazsa, struktur h\u0259l\u0259 tikinti m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 lokal v\u0259 ya qlobal qeyri-stabilit\u0259 il\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015f\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bu m\u0259qal\u0259, Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 polad konstruksiyalar\u0131n s\u0131f\u0131rdan son m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r q\u00fcsursuz icras\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f elmi v\u0259 praktiki m\u00fch\u0259ndislik b\u0259l\u0259d\u00e7isidir.<\/p>\n

1. Bak\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcl\u0259k Rejimi v\u0259 Aerodinamik Analiz<\/h2>\n

K\u00fcl\u0259k y\u00fck\u00fc, qravitasiya y\u00fck\u00fcnd\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq, h\u0259m dinamik, h\u0259m d\u0259 r\u0259qsi (oscillatory) xarakter da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Fundamental aerodinamik d\u00fcstura \u0259sas\u0259n, k\u00fcl\u0259yin struktur \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259zyiq (), k\u00fcl\u0259yin s\u00fcr\u0259tinin () kvadrat\u0131 il\u0259 d\u00fcz m\u00fct\u0259nasibdir:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Burada havan\u0131n s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifad\u0259 edir. Bak\u0131 sahill\u0259rind\u0259 havan\u0131n s\u0131xl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 v\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k r\u00fctub\u0259t \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 daha \u00e7ox oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, eyni s\u00fcr\u0259td\u0259 k\u00fcl\u0259yin yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Drag Force<\/strong> (s\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u0259 v\u0259 ya m\u00fcqavim\u0259t q\u00fcvv\u0259si) quru b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 daha y\u00fcks\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

Montaj M\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 Aerodinamik Sabitliyin \u0130tirilm\u0259si:<\/h3>\n

Polad elementl\u0259r (tirl\u0259r, s\u00fctunlar v\u0259 fermalar) h\u0259l\u0259 beton d\u00f6\u015f\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 ya daimi diafraqmalarla birl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259mi\u015fd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l yanal y\u00fckl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 h\u0259ssasd\u0131rlar. Kranla qald\u0131r\u0131lan uzun bir tir, aerodinamik c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n n\u0259h\u0259ng bir yelk\u0259n kimi davran\u0131r. Bak\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259yi\u015fk\u0259n k\u00fcl\u0259kl\u0259ri elementin \u0259traf\u0131nda Vortex Shedding<\/strong> (burul\u011fan yaranmas\u0131) effektini stimulla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r bu burul\u011fanlar\u0131n yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 vibrasiya tezliyi elementin t\u0259bii tezliyi il\u0259 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rs\u0259, Rezonans<\/strong> hadis\u0259si ba\u015f verir. Bu, elementin q\u0259fil d\u00f6nm\u0259sin\u0259, Lateral-Torsional Buckling<\/strong> (yanal-burulma itirilm\u0259si) hadis\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259m i\u015f\u00e7i hey\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259yati t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259y\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 strukturun deformasiyas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

2. Beyn\u0259lxalq Standartlar v\u0259 Bak\u0131 \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcn Dizayn Prinsipl\u0259ri<\/h2>\n

Bak\u0131da in\u015fa edil\u0259n polad konstruksiyalar m\u00fctl\u0259q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq Eurocode 3<\/strong> v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n yerli AzDTN<\/strong> (D\u00f6vl\u0259t Tikinti Normalar\u0131) v\u0259 FHN<\/strong> (F\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 Hallar Nazirliyi) t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 cavab verm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

\u018frazi Kateqoriyas\u0131 v\u0259 P\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fck (Roughness) Analizi:<\/h3>\n

X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin sahil x\u0259ttin\u0259 yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 Bak\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259ri ad\u0259t\u0259n Category 0<\/strong> v\u0259 ya Category I<\/strong> kimi t\u0259snif edilir. Bu o dem\u0259kdir ki, k\u00fcl\u0259k qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda he\u00e7 bir mane\u0259 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn struktur maksimum kinetik enerjiy\u0259 m\u0259ruz qal\u0131r. Layih\u0259l\u0259ndirm\u0259 zaman\u0131 k\u00fcl\u0259k y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn art\u0131m \u0259msal\u0131 () bu faktor n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmaqla \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k h\u0259dd\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

P-Delta Analizi v\u0259 \u0130kinci D\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li Effektl\u0259r:<\/h3>\n

Bak\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcnd\u00fcrm\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259li binalar\u0131nda (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u201cFlame Towers\u201d v\u0259 ya \u201cPort Baku\u201d tipli kompleksl\u0259rd\u0259) k\u00fcl\u0259k t\u0259sirind\u0259n yaranan \u00fcf\u00fcqi yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259r (drift) s\u00fctunlarda ciddi \u0259lav\u0259 momentl\u0259r yarad\u0131r. Bu, P-Delta analizi<\/strong> vasit\u0259sil\u0259 hesablanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Strukturun yan q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131ql\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Special Moment Frames (SMF)<\/strong> v\u0259 Buckling Restrained Braced Frames (BRBF)<\/strong> kimi qabaqc\u0131l sisteml\u0259rin istifad\u0259si, k\u00fcl\u0259yin yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerjinin udulmas\u0131 v\u0259 yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rin limitl\u0259nm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kritikdir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

3. Geotexniki \u00c7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar: B\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259 v\u0259 Anker Sistemi<\/h2>\n

Bak\u0131n\u0131n sahil zonalar\u0131nda qrunt \u0259sas\u0259n bo\u015f qumlardan v\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131 olan n\u0259m gill\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. Bu sular xlorid v\u0259 sulfat ionlar\u0131 il\u0259 h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q doymu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

Xlorid H\u00fccumu v\u0259 Qalvanik Korroziya:<\/h3>\n

Xlorid ionlar\u0131 b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259 betonuna n\u00fcfuz ed\u0259r\u0259k armatur v\u0259 anker boltlar\u0131n\u0131n passivasiya qat\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hv edir. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, polad s\u00fctunun b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259 il\u0259 birba\u015fa t\u0259mas\u0131 zaman\u0131, d\u0259niz suyu m\u00fchitind\u0259 f\u0259rqli elektrokimy\u0259vi potensiallar yaran\u0131r ki, bu da Qalvanik Korroziyaya<\/strong> s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Bu, k\u00fcl\u0259yin yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 maksimum \u0259yilm\u0259 momentinin b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259y\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fc \u0259n kritik n\u00f6qt\u0259d\u0259 \u2013 s\u00fctun bazas\u0131nda ba\u015f verir.<\/p>\n

\"Labeled<\/p>\n

Anker Boltlar\u0131n\u0131n Millimetrik D\u0259qiqliyi:<\/h3>\n

AISC 303 (Code of Standard Practice)<\/strong> standart\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n, anker boltlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri aras\u0131ndak\u0131 icaz\u0259 veril\u0259n k\u0259narla\u015fma 1\/16 d\u00fcym (t\u0259xmin\u0259n 1.5-2 mm) h\u0259ddind\u0259dir. Bak\u0131dak\u0131 k\u00fcl\u0259k r\u0259qsl\u0259ri alt\u0131nda bu d\u0259qiqlik t\u0259min edilm\u0259zs\u0259, bazada g\u0259rginlikl\u0259rin qeyri-b\u0259rab\u0259r paylanmas\u0131 v\u0259 montaj \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259ri qa\u00e7\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Metal \u015fablonlar\u0131n (templates) istifad\u0259si burada m\u0259cburidir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>4. Logistika, A\u011f\u0131r Da\u015f\u0131malar v\u0259 Bak\u0131 \u015e\u0259h\u0259r M\u00fchitind\u0259 M\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r<\/h2>\n

Bak\u0131da iri\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc polad konstruksiya elementl\u0259rinin icras\u0131 zaman\u0131 \u0259n ciddi icra probleml\u0259rind\u0259n biri a\u011f\u0131r da\u015f\u0131malar\u0131n (heavy transport)<\/strong> d\u00fczg\u00fcn planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u018fl\u0259t Beyn\u0259lxalq D\u0259niz Ticar\u0259t Liman\u0131, Qarada\u011f s\u0259naye zonas\u0131 v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259rk\u0259zin\u0259 aparan magistrallar k\u00f6rp\u00fc h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u00fc, yol eni, gec\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t icaz\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 polis m\u00fc\u015fayi\u0259ti kimi x\u00fcsusi m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 malikdir.<\/p>\n

Bak\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcl\u0259kli sahil magistrallar\u0131nda, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r sahili boyunca yan k\u00fcl\u0259kl\u0259r y\u00fcng\u00fcl v\u0259 uzun polad elementl\u0259rd\u0259 burulma v\u0259 s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fm\u0259 riskini \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 art\u0131r\u0131r. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n logistika strategiyas\u0131 klassik \u201canbara g\u0259tir \u2013 sah\u0259d\u0259 saxla\u201d modelin\u0259 deyil, \u201cJust\u2011In\u2011Time (JIT)\u201d<\/strong> prinsipi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Elementl\u0259r zavodda \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259d\u0259n montaj ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131na uy\u011fun markalanmal\u0131, qo\u015fqu \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 h\u0259min ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131qla y\u00fckl\u0259nm\u0259li v\u0259 sah\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259tirildiyi g\u00fcn qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sah\u0259d\u0259 M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti Saxlama Qaydalar\u0131:<\/h3>\n

\u018fg\u0259r q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259tli saxlanma qa\u00e7\u0131lmazd\u0131rsa, polad elementl\u0259r birba\u015fa torpaqla t\u0259masda olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Taxta altl\u0131qlar (sleepers) \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259li, lakin hava d\u00f6vran\u0131na imkan ver\u0259n n\u0259f\u0259salan \u00f6rt\u00fckl\u0259rl\u0259 (breather membranes)<\/strong> qorunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tam plastik \u00f6rt\u00fck alt\u0131nda kondensasiya yaranmas\u0131 Bak\u0131n\u0131n r\u00fctub\u0259tli iqlimind\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tli s\u0259thi korroziyaya s\u0259b\u0259b olur.<\/p>\n

5. Kran \u018fm\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 v\u0259 G\u00fccl\u00fc K\u00fcl\u0259kl\u0259r Alt\u0131nda T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz Qald\u0131rma<\/h2>\n

Bak\u0131da kranla qald\u0131rma i\u015fl\u0259ri (lifting & rigging) zaman\u0131 \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck risk faktorlar\u0131ndan biri k\u00fcl\u0259yin h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fck artd\u0131qca k\u0259skin s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259sidir. Yer s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 7\u20138 m\/s olan k\u00fcl\u0259k, 30\u201340 metr y\u00fcks\u0259klikd\u0259 15\u201318 m\/s h\u0259ddin\u0259 \u00e7ata bil\u0259r. Bu is\u0259 kran\u0131n faktiki qald\u0131rma qabiliyy\u0259tini ciddi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 azald\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"Installation<\/p>\n

As\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Y\u00fck\u0259 T\u0259sir Ed\u0259n K\u00fcl\u0259k Q\u00fcvv\u0259si:<\/strong><\/p>\n

As\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir polad element\u0259 t\u0259sir ed\u0259n k\u00fcl\u0259k q\u00fcvv\u0259si a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 d\u00fcsturla hesablan\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Burada:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u2013 elementin k\u00fcl\u0259y\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q proyeksiya sah\u0259si<\/li>\n
  • \u2013 aerodinamik m\u00fcqavim\u0259t \u0259msal\u0131d\u0131r (H\u2011\u015f\u0259killi profill\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259qrib\u0259n 2.0, boru profill\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 1.2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Bu q\u00fcvv\u0259 kran\u0131n oxunda \u0259lav\u0259 yanal moment yarad\u0131r v\u0259 istehsal\u00e7\u0131 kataloqlar\u0131nda g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n derated capacity<\/strong> n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmadan qald\u0131rma icaz\u0259li say\u0131lm\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Double Tagline Texnikas\u0131:<\/h3>\n

    Bak\u0131da t\u0259k idar\u0259etm\u0259 ipi (single tagline) kifay\u0259t deyil. K\u00fcl\u0259yin istiqam\u0259ti q\u0259fil d\u0259yi\u015fdiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, h\u0259r bir elementin h\u0259r iki ucuna ba\u011flanan iki taglayn<\/strong> t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259lidir. Bu ipl\u0259r yer\u00fcst\u00fc briqadaya elementin d\u00f6nm\u0259 momentini d\u0259rhal neytralla\u015fd\u0131rmaq imkan\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n

    6. M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti B\u0259rkidicil\u0259r (Temporary Bracing): Struktur Sabitliyinin Onur\u011fa S\u00fctunu<\/h2>\n

    Polad konstruksiyalar\u0131n q\u0259zalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259si istismar m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 deyil, tikinti zaman\u0131<\/strong> ba\u015f verir. Bunun \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bi m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti b\u0259rkidici sisteml\u0259rin ya \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmamas\u0131, ya da qeyri\u2011kafi dizayn edilm\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n

    Daimi beton d\u00f6\u015f\u0259m\u0259 plit\u0259l\u0259ri t\u00f6k\u00fclm\u0259d\u0259n v\u0259 ya moment birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri tam ba\u011flanmadan \u0259vv\u0259l, polad karkas sanki mente\u015f\u0259li (pinned) bir sistem kimi davran\u0131r v\u0259 k\u00fcl\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 z\u0259if olur.<\/p>\n

    \"Structure
    Structure under construction with temporary bracing and crane operations<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti B\u0259rkidici Dizayn Prinsipl\u0259ri:<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. Tikinti M\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn K\u00fcl\u0259k Y\u00fckl\u0259ri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u018fks\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti konstruksiyalar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn k\u00fcl\u0259k y\u00fck\u00fc 5\u201310 illik geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f periodu il\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Lakin Bak\u0131da k\u00fcl\u0259yin tezliyi v\u0259 \u015fidd\u0259ti n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131naraq, bu y\u00fck \u0259sas layih\u0259 k\u00fcl\u0259k y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn minimum 75%-i<\/strong> s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 q\u0259bul edilm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Turnbukllarla T\u0259chiz Olunmu\u015f Polad Kanatlar (Guy Wires)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        M\u00fcst\u0259qil polad n\u00fcv\u0259li (IWRC) kanatlar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 elastiklikl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti sabitl\u0259m\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ideald\u0131r. Turnbukllar vasit\u0259sil\u0259 ilkin g\u0259rginlik (pretension) d\u0259qiq \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Teleskopik Push\u2011Pull Dayaq Sisteml\u0259ri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Birinci\u2011\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 s\u00fctunlar\u0131n sabitl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7evik kanatlardan daha effektiv olan push\u2011pull props<\/strong> istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259lidir, \u00e7\u00fcnki onlar h\u0259m dart\u0131lma, h\u0259m d\u0259 s\u0131x\u0131lma q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bilir.<\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/p>\n

          7. Birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259r, Dinamik Yorulma v\u0259 QA\/QC Sisteml\u0259ri<\/h2>\n

          Bak\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcl\u0259kli m\u00fchiti polad birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri davaml\u0131 d\u00f6vri y\u00fckl\u0259r (fatigue loading)<\/strong> alt\u0131nda saxlay\u0131r. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n bolt v\u0259 qaynaqlarda ki\u00e7ik bir q\u00fcsur bel\u0259 zamanla b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u0259r\u0259k k\u00f6vr\u0259k q\u0131r\u0131lmaya (brittle fracture) s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

          A) Y\u00fcks\u0259k M\u00f6hk\u0259mlikli, \u00d6n\u2011G\u0259rginlikli Bolt Birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri<\/h3>\n

          Bak\u0131da k\u00fcl\u0259k da\u015f\u0131yan d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Slip\u2011Critical<\/strong> birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259r m\u0259cburidir. EN 14399 (8.8 v\u0259 10.9 sinfi) v\u0259 ya ASTM A325\/A490 boltlar\u0131 t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

          Boltlar\u0131n S\u0131x\u0131lma Metodlar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          • Turn\u2011of\u2011Nut metodu:<\/strong> \u201cSnug\u2011tight\u201d v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259n sonra m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bucaq q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259lav\u0259 f\u0131rlatma il\u0259 t\u0259tbiq olunur v\u0259 r\u00fctub\u0259tli m\u00fchitd\u0259 \u0259n etibarl\u0131 \u00fcsuldur.<\/li>\n
          • TC Boltlar:<\/strong> Ucu qoparaq laz\u0131mi g\u0259rginliyi vizual \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259sdiql\u0259y\u0259n sistemdir v\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u00fcr\u0259t \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc verir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            B) Sah\u0259 Qaynaqlar\u0131 v\u0259 Atmosfer\u0259 N\u0259zar\u0259t<\/h3>\n

            2 m\/s\u2011d\u0259n art\u0131q k\u00fcl\u0259k s\u00fcr\u0259tind\u0259 qaz qoruyucu m\u00fchit da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 GMAW qaynaqlar\u0131nda m\u0259sam\u0259lilik yaran\u0131r. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n Bak\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131q sah\u0259d\u0259 SMAW<\/strong> v\u0259 ya FCAW\u2011S<\/strong> \u00fcsullar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcn tutulmal\u0131, \u0259lav\u0259 olaraq qaynaq \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131 qurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. C) Qeyri\u2011Da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131 N\u0259zar\u0259t (NDT)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Y\u00fcks\u0259k \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u00fcy\u00fcnl\u0259rd\u0259:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • PAUT<\/strong> \u2013 CJP qaynaqlarda daxili q\u00fcsurlar\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259k d\u0259qiqlikl\u0259 a\u015fkarlanmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn<\/li>\n
              • MT v\u0259 PT<\/strong> \u2013 istilik t\u0259sir zonas\u0131nda (HAZ) s\u0259thi \u00e7atlar\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259tbiq olunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                8. M\u00fcasir Metallurgiya v\u0259 Korroziyadan M\u00fchafiz\u0259 Sisteml\u0259ri<\/h2>\n

                X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin duzlu spreyi v\u0259 Bak\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259k r\u00fctub\u0259ti polad \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li m\u00fchitl\u0259rd\u0259n birini yarad\u0131r. ISO 12944<\/strong> standart\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n, Bak\u0131 sahil x\u0259tti C5-M (Marine)<\/strong> \u2013 y\u0259ni d\u0259niz m\u00fchitind\u0259 \u00e7ox y\u00fcks\u0259k korroziya d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si kimi t\u0259snif edilir. Bu m\u00fchitd\u0259 adi r\u0259ngl\u0259m\u0259 \u00fcsullar\u0131 2-3 il \u0259rzind\u0259 s\u0131radan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                S\u0259thin Haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 (Surface Preparation):<\/strong><\/p>\n

                Korroziyaya qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin 80%-i r\u0259ngd\u0259n deyil, s\u0259thin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Polad\u0131n s\u0259thi m\u00fctl\u0259q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 ISO 8501-1 Sa 2.5 (Near-White Metal)<\/strong> d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r qumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r (grit blasting). Bu, r\u0259ngin poladla molekulyar s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131mi profil d\u0259rinliyini (anchor profile \u2013 50-75 mikron) t\u0259min edir.<\/p>\n

                \u00dc\u00e7qat M\u00fchafiz\u0259 Sistemi (Three-Layer System):<\/strong><\/p>\n

                Bak\u0131dak\u0131 strateji layih\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 olunan sistem:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Primer:<\/strong> Sinkl\u0259 z\u0259ngin epoksid v\u0259 ya Inorganic Zinc (IOZ)<\/strong>. Bu qat polad\u0131 katod m\u00fchafiz\u0259si il\u0259 qoruyur.<\/li>\n
                2. Intermediate:<\/strong> Epoxy MIO (Micaceous Iron Oxide)<\/strong>. Bu qat barriyer rolunu oynay\u0131r, su v\u0259 oksigenin polada \u00e7atmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/li>\n
                3. Finish Coat:<\/strong> Alifatik Poliuretan<\/strong>. Bu qat Bak\u0131n\u0131n intensiv UV \u015f\u00fcalar\u0131na v\u0259 kimy\u0259vi t\u0259sirl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6z\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr, r\u0259ngin solmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  9. Strukturun Monitorinqi v\u0259 D\u0259y\u0259r M\u00fch\u0259ndisliyi (LCC Analizi)<\/h2>\n

                  Bak\u0131da polad konstruksiyan\u0131n u\u011furu yaln\u0131z tikinti an\u0131 il\u0259 deyil, onun 50 illik \u00f6m\u00fcr d\u00f6vr\u00fc il\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Burada H\u0259yat D\u00f6vr\u00fc X\u0259rcl\u0259rinin Analizi (Life Cycle Cost \u2013 LCC)<\/strong> t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

                  LCC hesablanma d\u00fcsturu:<\/p>\n

                  Burada:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • : \u0130lkin tikinti x\u0259rcl\u0259ri.<\/li>\n
                  • : K\u00fcl\u0259k v\u0259 korroziyaya qar\u015f\u0131 periyodik texniki bax\u0131\u015f x\u0259rcl\u0259ri.<\/li>\n
                  • : R\u0259ngin v\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rin b\u0259rpas\u0131 x\u0259rcl\u0259ri.<\/li>\n
                  • : Strukturun istismar m\u00fcdd\u0259ti bitdikd\u0259 qal\u0131q d\u0259y\u0259ri (scrap value).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    N\u0259tic\u0259:<\/strong> \u0130lkin m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 daha bahal\u0131 olan C5-M r\u0259ng sisteminin v\u0259 ya Hot-Dip Galvanizing (isti sinkl\u0259m\u0259)<\/strong> metodunun se\u00e7ilm\u0259si, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 h\u0259r 5 ild\u0259n bir apar\u0131lacaq bahal\u0131 t\u0259mir i\u015fl\u0259rini l\u0259\u011fv ed\u0259r\u0259k \u00fcmumi LCC x\u0259rcl\u0259rini 40% azald\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                    10. Tez-tez Veril\u0259n Suallar (FAQ)<\/h2>\n

                    Sual 1: Bak\u0131da k\u00fcl\u0259kli havada qaynaq etm\u0259k olarm\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    Cavab:<\/strong> K\u00fcl\u0259yin s\u00fcr\u0259ti 2 m\/s-d\u0259n \u00e7oxdursa, a\u00e7\u0131q sah\u0259d\u0259 qazalt\u0131 qaynaq (GMAW) qada\u011fand\u0131r. M\u00fctl\u0259q k\u00fcl\u0259k qoruyucu \u00e7ad\u0131rlar istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259li v\u0259 ya a\u00e7\u0131q hava \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rin\u0259 daha d\u00f6z\u00fcml\u00fc olan FCAW-S<\/strong> (\u00f6z\u00fcqoruyan fl\u00fcsl\u00fc qaynaq) se\u00e7ilm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

                    Sual 2: D\u0259niz k\u0259nar\u0131nda sinkl\u0259nmi\u015f yoxsa r\u0259ngl\u0259nmi\u015f polad daha yax\u015f\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    Cavab:<\/strong> \u0130sti sinkl\u0259m\u0259 (Hot-Dip Galvanizing) daxili bo\u015fluqlar\u0131 da qorudu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha effektivdir. Lakin estetik t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259r varsa, sink \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 toz boya (Duplex System) t\u0259tbiqi Bak\u0131 m\u00fchiti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l h\u0259lldir.<\/p>\n

                    Sual 3: Bak\u0131da k\u00fcl\u0259k y\u00fck\u00fc alt\u0131nda vibrasiyan\u0131 nec\u0259 azaltmaq olar?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    Cavab:<\/strong> Strukturun s\u0259rtliyini (stiffness) art\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7arpaz b\u0259rkidicil\u0259rd\u0259n (bracing) istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259li v\u0259 ya \u00e7ox h\u00fcnd\u00fcr binalarda Tuned Mass Dampers (TMD)<\/strong> sisteml\u0259ri qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                    Yekun S\u00f6z<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    Bak\u0131 kimi y\u00fcks\u0259k k\u00fcl\u0259k y\u00fck\u00fcn\u0259 v\u0259 korroziyaya m\u0259ruz qalan b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 polad konstruksiyalar\u0131n icras\u0131 h\u0259m c\u0259sar\u0259t, h\u0259m d\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u00fch\u0259ndislik biliyi t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Bu m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 qeyd olunan aerodinamik sabitlik, m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti b\u0259rkitm\u0259, C5-M m\u00fchafiz\u0259si v\u0259 d\u0259qiq QA\/QC<\/strong> protokollar\u0131na riay\u0259t etm\u0259k, layih\u0259nin h\u0259m t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyini, h\u0259m d\u0259 uzun\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259min ed\u0259n yegan\u0259 yoldur. Polad, Bak\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcl\u0259kl\u0259rin\u0259 tab g\u0259tir\u0259 bil\u0259n \u0259n g\u00fccl\u00fc materiald\u0131r, bir \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259 ki, m\u00fch\u0259ndislik prinsipl\u0259ri onun t\u0259bi\u0259tin\u0259 uy\u011fun t\u0259tbiq edilsin.<\/p>\n

                    \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Bak\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcl\u0259kli B\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 Polad Konstruksiyalar\u0131n \u0130cras\u0131: Geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilmi\u015f M\u00fch\u0259ndislik T\u0259limat\u0131 \u00a0Giri\u015f: Bak\u0131n\u0131n Atmosfer, Co\u011frafi v\u0259 Geomexaniki T\u0259hlili Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n paytaxt\u0131 Bak\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri, tarix\u0259n \u201cBadkub\u0259\u201d (k\u00fcl\u0259kl\u0259rin d\u00f6y\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fc \u015f\u0259h\u0259r) kimi tan\u0131nmas\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, m\u00fcasir struktur m\u00fch\u0259ndisliyi bax\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b tikinti poliqonlar\u0131ndan biri hesab olunur. Ab\u015feron yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus iqlimi v\u0259 geologiyas\u0131, burada ucald\u0131lan polad konstruksiyalar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn unikal \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5255,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bloq"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5249"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5258,"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5249\/revisions\/5258"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5255"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5249"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azco.az\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}